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Life cycle analysis Environmental, Economic and Social Assessment (LCA, LCC, SLCA)

Conventional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a methodology for assessing the environmental impact associated with a given product, process or service. The study includes the whole life cycle, taking into account the stages of extraction and processing of raw materials, production, transport, use and end of life. The LCA (whose application has been standardised through ISO 14044) has become the reference methodology for decision-making based on environmental criteria. In addition, this methodology supports other tools aimed at transmitting key environmental information to consumers, so that they can make an informed decision, such as:   

  • Environmental Product Declarations (Product Environmental Footprint – EPD)  
  • Environmental Footprint of Products and Processes, developed by the European Commission  
  • Carbon Footprint, focusing on greenhouse gas emissions  

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) enables all economic flows to be assessed throughout the life cycle, and may also include externalities (the cost of impact on health and the environment), while Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) analyses the social impact of the different actors in the value chain, each within their own geographical environment.   

The joint assessment of these three aspects (environmental, economic and social) from a life cycle perspective gives rise to the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment.  

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